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Artaxerxes I ((ペルシア語: اردشیر یکم), , "whose rule (''xšaça'' < '' *xšaϑram'') is through ''arta'' (truth)";〔R. Schmitt. (of Iran "ARTAXERXES" ). ''Encyclopædia Iranica''. 15 December 1986. Retrieved 12 March 2012.〕 (ギリシア語:Ἀρταξέρξης)〔The Greek form of the name is influenced by ''Xerxes'' ((Encyclopedia Iranica )).〕) was the fifth King of Persia from 465 BC to 424 BC. He was the third son of Xerxes I. He may have been the "Artasyrus" mentioned by Herodotus as being a Satrap of the royal satrapy of Bactria. In Greek sources he is also surnamed ''Macrocheir'' ((ラテン語:Longimanus)), allegedly because his right hand was longer than his left.〔Plutarch, Artaxerxes, l. 1. c. 1. 11:129 - cited by Ussher, Annals, para. 1179〕 ==Succession to the throne== Artaxerxes was probably born in the reign of his grandfather Darius I, to the emperors son and heir, Xerxes I. In 465 BC, Xerxes I was murdered by Artabanus, the commander of the royal bodyguard and the most powerful official in the Persian court (Hazarapat/commander of thousand), with the help of a eunuch, Aspamitres.〔Iran-e-Bastan/Pirnia book 1 p 873〕 Greek historians give contradicting accounts of events. According to Ctesias (in Persica 20), Artabanus then accused the Crown Prince Darius, Xerxes's eldest son, of the murder and persuaded Artaxerxes, to avenge the patricide by killing Darius. But according to Aristotle (in Politics 5.1311b), Artabanus killed Darius first and then killed Xerxes. After Artaxerxes discovered the murder he killed Artabanus and his sons.〔Dandamayev〕〔History of Persian Empire-Olmstead p 289/90〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Artaxerxes I of Persia」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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